WHO estimates that between 2030 and 2050, climate change will cause about 250,000 additional deaths per year due to malnutrition, malaria, diarrhoea, and heat stress alone. Climate change affects human health through multiple pathways, including heat stress and air pollution, as well as food insecurity and mental health. Organizations and policymakers are challenged to understand and prioritize potential policy levers and measures to adapt to or mitigate impacts on human well-being. To credibly quantify the health impacts of climate change, researchers must embrace a blend of data sources including Earth Observation and multimodal approaches to causal inference.